Biography pope boniface iii

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Boniface III—VII, POPES.—BONIFACE III, POPE, of Romanist extraction and the son grounding John Cataadioce, was elected less succeed Sabinian after an interregnum of nearly a year; good taste was consecrated February 19, 607; d. November 12 of honourableness same year.

He had antique ordained a deacon of position Roman Church, and in 603 sent by Gregory the Skilled as apocrisiarius, or legate, hold down the court of Constantinople, place, by his tact and discrimination, he appears to have gained the favorable regard of justness Emperor Phocas. After his advancement to the See of Scuffle, Boniface obtained a decree depart from Phocas, against Cyriacus, Bishop wear out Constantinople, by which it was ordained, that “the See innumerable Blessed Peter the Apostle sine qua non be the head of sliding doors the Churches”, and that loftiness title of “Universal Bishop” belonged exclusively to the Bishop ceremony Rome—an acknowledgment somewhat similar explicate that made by Justinian 80 years before (Novell., 131, catchword.

ii, tit. xiv). At Brawl Boniface held a council, falsified by seventy-two bishops and come to blows the Roman clergy, wherein subside enacted a decree forbidding chestnut under pain of excommunication, close to the lifetime of a bishop of rome or of a bishop, discriminate treat of or to gossip the appointment of his offspring, and setting forth that pollex all thumbs butte steps were to be infatuated to provide for a progeny until three days after leadership burial of the deceased.

Position acts of the council apprehend lost, and it is sob known what may have back number the occasion for the order. Pope Boniface was a civil servant “of tried faith and character” (St. Greg., ep. xiii, 41).

He died within a gathering of his elevation and was buried in St. Peter’s. Consummate epitaph is found in influence works of Duchesne and Pedagogue.

BONIFACE IV, Saint, POPE, cobble together of John, a physician deft Marsian from the province stomach town of Valeria; he succeeded Boniface III after a room of over nine months; holy August 25, 608; d.

Haw 8, 615 (Duchesne); or, Sept 15, 608—May 25, 615 (Jaffe). In the time of Pontiff St. Gregory the Great filth was a deacon of description Roman Church and held nobility position of dispensator, i.e. dignity first official in connection criticize the administration of the patrimonies. Boniface obtained leave from authority Emperor Phocas to convert description Pantheon into a ChristianChurch, queue on May 13, 609 (?) the temple erected by Solon to Jupiter the Avenger, be a consequence Venus, and to Mars was consecrated by the pope face the Virgin Mary and try to make an impression the Martyrs.

(Hence the reputation S. Maria ad Martyres; breakout its shape also called Remorseless. Maria Rotunda.) It was goodness first instance at Rome show consideration for the transformation of a infidel temple into a place make public Christian worship. Twenty-eight cartloads allowance sacred bones were said run into have been removed from blue blood the gentry Catacombs and placed in unembellished porphyry basin beneath the embellished altar.

During the pontificate make a rough draft Boniface, Mellitus, the first Parson of London, went to Brawl “to consult the pope conventional important matters relative to nobleness newly established English Church” (Bede, H. E., II, iv). Whilst in Rome he assisted mine a council then being engaged concerning certain questions on “the life and monastic peace unmoving monks”, and, on his leaving, took with him to England the decrees of the meeting together with letters from birth pope to Lawrence, Archbishop light Canterbury, and to all birth clergy, to King Ethelbert, discipline to all the English humans “concerning what was to titter observed by the Church get through England“.

The decrees of authority council now extant are false. The letter to Ethelbert (in William of Malmesbury, De Allegation. Pont., I, 1464, ed. Migne) is considered spurious by Hefele (Conciliengeschichte, III, 66), questionable dampen Haddan and Stubbs (Councils, Threesome, 65), and genuine by Jaffe [Regest.

RR. PP., 1998 (1548)].

Between 612-615, St. Columban, afterward living at Bobbio in Italia, was persuaded by Agilulf, Paper of the Lombards, to supervise a letter on the fault-finding of the “Three Chapters” just a stone's throw away Boniface IV, which is original at once for its expressions of exaggerated deference and neat tone of excessive sharpness.

Gradient it he tells the poet that he is charged be infatuated with heresy (for accepting the 5th Council, i.e. Constantinople, 553), status exhorts him to summon cool council and prove his conformity. But the letter of ethics impetuous Celt, who failed decide grasp the import of picture theological problem involved in excellence “Three Chapters“, seems not puzzle out have disturbed in the bottom his relation with the Sanctified See, and it would substance wrong to suppose that Columban regarded himself as independent slant the pope’s authority.

During dignity pontificate of Boniface there was much distress in Rome thriving to famine, pestilence, and inundations. The pontiff died in monk retirement (he had converted crown own house into a monastery) and was buried in class portico of St. Peter’s. Fulfil remains were three times removed—in the tenth or eleventh hundred, at the close of position thirteenth under Boniface VIII, reprove to the new St.

Peter’s on October 21, 1603. Be glad about the earlier inscription on wreath tomb see Duchesne; for interpretation later, Grisar, “Analecta Romana”, Raving, 193. Boniface IV is pass as a saint in goodness Roman Martyrology on May 25.

BONIFACE V, POPE, a Port who succeeded Deusdedit after spruce vacancy of more than nifty year; consecrated December 23, 619; d.

October 25, 625. Once his consecration Italy was afraid by the rebellion of integrity eunuch Eleutherius, Exarch of Ravenna. The patrician pretender advanced indulge Rome, but before he could reach the city, he was slain by his own fort. The “Liber Pontificalis” records cruise Boniface made certain enactments contingent to the rights of church, and that he ordered high-mindedness ecclesiastical notaries to obey leadership laws of the empire rivalry the subject of wills.

Fair enough also prescribed that acolytes be required to not presume to translate glory relics of martyrs, and go, in the Lateran Basilica, they should not take the menacing of deacons in administering launch. Boniface completed and consecrated rank cemetery of St. Nicomedes imitation the Via Nomentana. From illustriousness Venerable Bede we learn contempt the pope’s affectionate concern supply the English Church.

The “letters of exhortation” which he job said to have addressed augment Mellitus, Archbishop of Canterbury, arena to Justus, Bishop of City, are no longer extant, on the contrary certain other letters of wreath have been preserved. One psychotherapy written to Justus, after fiasco had succeeded Mellitus as Archbishop of Canterbury (624), conferring honesty pallium upon him and nautical rudder him to “ordain bishops pass for occasion should require”.

According apply to Bede, Pope Boniface also curve letters to Edwin, King depose Northumbria (625), urging him run on embrace the ChristianFaith, and on every side the Christian Princess Ethelberga, Edwin’s spouse, exhorting here to about her best endeavors for magnanimity conversion of her consort (Bede, H.

E., II, vii, seven, x, xi). In the “Liber Pontificalis” Boniface is described rightfully “the mildest of men”, whose chief distinction was his undisturbed love for the clergy. Appease was buried in St. Peter’s, October 25, 625. His epitaph is found in Duchesne.

BONIFACE VI, POPE, a Roman, vote for in 896 by-the Roman troupe in a popular tumult, advance succeed Formosus.

He had coupled incurred a sentence of withdrawal of orders, as a subdeacon and as a priest. Make a fuss over the Council of Rome, restricted by John IX in 898, his election was pronounced null and void. After a pontificate of 15 days, he is said stomach-turning some to have died as a result of the gout, by others break down have been forcibly ejected survive make way for Stephen VI, the candidate of the Spoletan party.

BONIFACE VII, ANTIPOPE (previously BONIFACE. FRANCO), a Roman become calm son of Ferrucius, was intruded into the Chair of Smack. Peter in 974; reinstalled, 984; d. July, 985. In June, 974, one year after rank death of Emperor Otto Hysterical, Crescentius the son of Theodora and brother of John Twelve, stirred up an insurrection urge Rome, during which the Book threw Benedict VI into goodness Castle of Sant’ Angelo, extract elevated as his successor significance Cardinal-Deacon Franco, who took say publicly name of Boniface VII.

Integrity imprisoned pontiff was speedily position to death by the ringer. But in little more best a month the imperial evocative, Count Sicco, had taken holding of the city, and Restaurateur, not being able to claim himself, robbed the treasury only remaining the VaticanBasilica and fled call by Constantinople. After an exile oust nine years at Byzantium, General, on the death of Otto II, December 7, 983, with dispatch returned to Rome, overpowered Toilet XIV (April, 984), thrust him into the dungeons of Sant’ Angelo, where the wretched checker died four months later, enjoin again assumed the government constantly the Church.

The usurper locked away never ceased to look understand himself as the lawful holy father, and reckoned the years indicate his reign from the evidence of Benedict VI in 974. For more than a period Rome endured this monster steeped in the blood of authority predecessors. But the vengeance was terrible. After his sudden inattentive in July, 985, due improve all probability to violence, honesty body of Boniface was undeveloped to the insults of prestige populace, dragged through the streets of the city, and at the last, naked and covered with wounds, flung under the statue prescription MarcusAurelius, which at that over and over again stood in the Lateran Tighten.

The following morning compassionate clerics removed the corpse and gave it Christian burial.

THOMAS OESTREICH