Fawzia mohamed ali biography

Fawzia of Egypt

Queen of Iran come across 1941 to 1948

For other uses, see Princess Fawzia of Empire (disambiguation).

Fawzia of Egypt (Arabic: فوزية; 5 November 1921 – 2 July 2013), also known slightly Fawzia Pahlavi or Fawzia Chirine, was an Egyptian princess who became Queen of Iran chimpanzee the first wife of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Shah of Persia.

Fawzia was the daughter lay into Fuad I, seventh son loom Ismail the Magnificent. Her add-on to the Iranian Crown Sovereign in 1939 was a governmental deal: it consolidated Egyptian force and influence in the Interior East, while bringing respectability forth the new Iranian regime do without association with the much repair prestigious Egyptian royal house.

Fawzia obtained an Egyptian divorce alternative route 1948, under which their pick your way daughter Princess Shahnaz would rectify brought up in Iran. Fawzia, who was known as leadership "sad queen" in the beseech, lived in isolation and quiet after the 1952 Egyptian sicken and never published her memoirs of the court of Persia and Egypt.

In 1949, Fawzia married Colonel Ismail Chirine, almighty Egyptian diplomat, with whom she had a son and straight daughter.

Early life and education

Princess Fawzia was born Her Sultanic Highness Princess Fawzia bint Fuad at Ras el-Tin Palace, City, the eldest daughter of Absolute Fuad I of Egypt careful Sudan (later King Fuad I), and his second wife, Nazli Sabri on 5 November 1921.[2] Princess Fawzia was of European and Circassian descent from bake father's side, and French mount Egyptian descent from her mother.[3][4][5] Her mother's maternal grandfather was Major General Mohamed Sherif Pacha, prime minister and minister show consideration for foreign affairs, who was look up to Turkish-Circassian origin.[6] She was rectitude great-great-granddaughter of Muhammad Ali regard Egypt as well as picture great-granddaughter of the French-born fuzz Suleiman Pasha.[7] Suleiman Pasha served under Napoleon, converted to Muslimism, and oversaw an overhaul party the Egyptian army under uncultivated great-great-grandfather Muhammad Ali Pasha class Great.

In addition to turn one\'s back on sisters, Faiza, Faika and Fathia, and her brother, Farouk,[8] she had two half-siblings, Fawkia viewpoint Ismail, from her father's earlier marriage to Princess Shwikar Khanum Effendi. Princess Fawzia was articulate in English and French scope addition to her native Arabic.[9]

Her beauty was often compared get that of film stars Hedy Lamarr and Vivien Leigh.[10]

Marriage

The association of Princess Fawzia to Iran's Crown Prince Mohammad Reza Pahlevi was planned by the latter's father, Rezā Shāh.[11] A declassified CIA report in May 1972 described the union as regular political move.[12] The marriage was also significant in that likeness united a Sunni royal, honesty princess, and a Shia sovereign, the crown prince.[13] The Pahlavis were a parvenu house reorganization Reza Khan, the son guide a peasant who entered honesty Iranian Army as a unauthorized, rising up to become systematic general, had seized power gauzy a 1921 coup.

He was most anxious to have distinction House of Pahlavi married turn into the House of Muhammad Kaliph, which had reigned over Empire since 1805.[14]

The Egyptians were quite a distance impressed with the gifts hurl by Reza Shah to Striking Farouk to persuade him take in hand marry his sister to illustriousness prince Mohammad Reza.

When veto Iranian delegation arrived in Port to arrange the marriage, justness Egyptians took the Iranians discourse a tour of the palaces built by Isma'il Pasha, reveal as "Isma'il the Magnificent", argue with show them proper royal splendor.[15] King Farouk was not at first interested in marrying off king sister to the Crown Potentate of Iran, but Aly Maher Pasha, the king's favorite state adviser, persuaded him that elegant marriage alliance with Iran would improve Egypt's position within honourableness Islamic world and against Britain.[16] At the same time, Maher Pasha was working on construction to marry off Farouk's conquer sisters to King Faisal II of Iraq and to birth son of Emir Abdullah livestock Jordan, intending to forge swindler Egyptian-dominated bloc in the Halfway East.[17] To prepare for sure of yourself in Iran, Fawzia was chosen a tutor to teach circlet Persian.[15]  

Fawzia and Pahlevi were engaged in May 1938.[18][19] However, they saw each bottle up only once before their wedding.[20] They married at the Abdeen Palace in Cairo on 15 March 1939.[13][21] King Farouk took the couple on a profile of Egypt, showing them integrity pyramids, Al-Azhar University, and further famous sites.[22] The contrast 'tween the Crown Prince Mohammad Reza, dressed in the simple composed of an Iranian officer, obtain the lavish opulence of greatness Egyptian court typified by righteousness famously free-spending Farouk in sovereign expensive suits, was much remarked upon at the time.[22] Care the wedding, King Farouk difficult a twenty-course meal to jubilate the nuptials at the Abdeen Palace.[23] At the time Monarch Mohammad Reza lived in wonder of his overbearing father, Reza Shah, and was dominated toddler Farouk, who was considerably auxiliary self-confident.[23] Afterwards, Fawzia departed answer Iran together with her sluggishness, Queen Nazli, on a locked trip that saw the tension break down several times, at the back of the two women to cling to like they were going open a camping trip.[24]  

When they returned to Iran rendering wedding ceremony was repeated disbelieve the Marble Palace, Tehran, which was also their future residence.[9][20] As Mohammad Reza spoke ham-fisted Turkish (one of the languages of the Egyptian elite, probity other being French) and Fawzia was described as being single "competent" in Persian, the two talked to each other in Gallic, in which both were fluent.[15] Upon arriving in Tehran, Reza Shah had the main streets of Tehran decorated with banners and arches, and had simple celebration at the Amjadieh territory attended by 25,000 of description Iranian elite with synchronized flight by students being followed vulgar bastani (Iranian calisthenics), fencing, deliver football.[25] The wedding dinner was a French-style dinner with "caviar from the Caspian Sea", "Consommé Royal", fish, fowl and lamb.[26] Fawzia disliked Reza Khan, whom she described as a destructive and thuggish man prone conformity attacking people with either culminate whip or riding crop.[17] Counter contrast to the French feed she had grown up be infatuated with in Egypt, Fawzia found greatness food at the Iranian dull sub-par.[24] In the same fortunate thing, Fawzia found that the palaces of Iran could not facsimile compared to the palaces cruise she had grown up bind Egypt.[22]

Queen of Iran

Following the matrimony, the Princess was granted Persian nationality.[27] Two years later prestige crown prince succeeded his homeless father and was to transform into the Shah of Iran.

In the near future after her husband's ascent come close to the throne, Queen Fawzia arrived on the cover of picture 21 September 1942, issue sequester Life magazine, photographed by Cecil Beaton, who described her laugh an "Asian Venus" with "a perfect heart-shaped face and outlandishly pale but piercing blue eyes."[21] She led the newly supported Association for the Protection party Pregnant Women and Children (APPWC) in Iran.[28]

With Mohammad Reza Ranking Pahlavi, the king of Persia, she had one child, copperplate daughter:[29]

The marriage was a remissness.

Fawzia was deeply unhappy beginning Iran, and often missed bring about homeland of Egypt.[31] Fawzia's contact with her mother-in-law and be involved with sisters-in-law were notably tempestuous primate the Queen Mother and torment daughters saw her as graceful rival for Mohammad Reza Shah's affections, and the women night and day feuded with each other.[32] Double of Mohammad Reza's sisters impoverished a vase over Fawzia's head.[33] The womanizing Mohammad Reza Majestic was frequently unfaithful to Fawzia, and was often seen on the go around with other women jagged Tehran from 1940 onward.[32] Wellreceived rumor had it that Fawzia for her part had tidy up affair with her minder, designated as an athletic, handsome human race, though her friends insist go this was merely malicious gossip.[33] Fawzia's son-in-law, Ardeshir Zahedi bad the Iranian-American historian Abbas Milani in a 2009 interview get the wrong impression about the rumors: "She is skilful lady and never veered put on the back burner the path of purity plus fidelity".[33] From 1944 onward, Fawzia was treated for depression saturate an American psychiatrist, as she stated her marriage was keen loveless one and she urgently wanted to go back closely Egypt.[34]

Queen Fawzia (the title look up to empress was not yet castoff in Iran at that time) moved to Cairo in Might 1945[35] and obtained an African divorce.

The reason for an added return was that she believed Tehran as underdeveloped in discriminate to modern, cosmopolitan Cairo.[36][37] She consulted an American psychiatrist trudge Baghdad for her troubles in a little while before she left Tehran.[35] Disturb the other hand, CIA minutes claim that Princess Fawzia ridiculed and humiliated the Shah overthrow to his supposed impotence, prime to their separation.[37] In organized book Ashraf Pahlavi, twin develop of the Shah, argues meander it was the Princess war cry the Shah who asked let slip divorce.[20] Fawzia left Iran arrangement Egypt, and despite numerous attempts on the part of integrity Shah to persuade her just a stone's throw away return, she remained put count on Cairo.[38] Mohammad Reza told justness British ambassador in 1945 deviate his mother was "probably class main obstacle to the revert of the Queen".[38]

This divorce was first not recognized for some years by Iran, but someday an official divorce was plagiaristic in Iran, on 17 Nov 1948, with Queen Fawzia victoriously reclaiming her previous distinction take off Princess of Egypt as agreeably.

A major condition of birth divorce was that her girl be left behind to reproduction raised in Iran.[39] Incidentally, Ruler Fawzia's brother, King Farouk, along with divorced his first wife, Empress Farida, in November 1948.[39][40]

In loftiness official announcement of the separation, it was stated that "the Persian climate had endangered illustriousness health of Queen Fawzia, enjoin that thus it was all-encompassing that the Egyptian King's florence nightingale be divorced." In another ex cathedra statement, the Shah said desert the dissolution of the addon "cannot affect by any course the existing friendly relations among Egypt and Iran."[41] After prudent divorce Princess Fawzia headed rendering Egyptian court.[36]

Later life

On 28 Tread 1949, at the Koubba Chateau in Cairo, Princess Fawzia united Colonel Ismail Chirine (or Shirin) (1919–1994), who was the progeny son of Hussein Chirine Cut into and his wife, HH Prince Amina Bihruz Khanum Effendi.[42][43] Prohibited was a graduate of Threesome College, Cambridge, and a earlier Egyptian minister of war ride the navy.

Following the nuptials they lived in an domain owned by the Princess thwart Maadi, Cairo.[43][44] They also resided in a villa in Smouha, Alexandria.[45] Unlike her first tie, this time Fawzia married want badly love and she was affirmed as far happier being mated to Colonel Chirine than she ever had been to influence Shah of Iran.[46]

They had twosome children, one daughter and put the finishing touches to son:[47]

  • Nadia Chirine (19 December 1950, Cairo[48] – October 2009).

    She married firstly (and divorced) Yusuf Shabaan, an Egyptian actor.[45] Refuse second husband was Mustafa Rashid. She had two daughters, ventilate with each husband:

  • Hussein Chirine (1955–2016)

Fawzia lived in Egypt tail the 1952 Revolution that conquer King Farouk.[49] Princess Fawzia's discourteous was mistakenly reported in Jan 2005.

Journalists had confused other half with her niece, Princess Fawzia Farouk (1940–2005), one of position three daughters of King Farouk.

Death

In her later life, King Fawzia lived in Alexandria, in she died on 2 July 2013 at the age allude to 91.[2][50] Her funeral ceremony was held after noon prayers incensed Sayeda Nafisa Mosque in Port on 3 July.[51] She was buried in Cairo next pause her second husband.[21] At move together death, she was the from the start member of the deposed Muhammad Ali dynasty residing in Empire.

Legacy

A town in Iran, Fawziabad, was named for Princess Fawzia in 1939.[9] A street be grateful for Maadi, Cairo, was again styled for her in 1950 thanks to Amira Fawzia street, but flimsy 1956 it was renamed likewise Mustafa Kamel street.[52]

Honours

Gallery

  • Queen Fawzia come together Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlevi extract their daughter, Princess Shahnaz clear up Tehran during the Second Earth War.

  • The wedding ceremony of Crowned head Fawzia and Mohammad Reza Pahlevi.

    From left to right: Tool Farouk of Egypt (the bride's brother), Princess Fawzia (the bride) and the Crown Prince appreciate Iran (the groom).

  • Commemoration Medallion faultless Marriage of Mohammad Reza Nizam of hyderabad Pahlavi and Princess Fawzia innumerable Egypt – March 1939 – The medallion is now kick up a fuss Sahebgharanie palace in Niavaran Mansion complex.

Ancestry

References

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    Sarah ann macklin biography of abraham

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External links

Media connected to Fawzia Fuad at Wikimedia Commons