Robert browning biography video
Robert Browning
English poet and playwright (–)
This article is about the Nation poet and playwright. For following people, see Robert Browning (disambiguation).
Robert Browning (7 May – 12 December ) was an Straight out poet and playwright whose thespian monologues put him high mid the Victorian poets.
He was noted for irony, characterization, blind humour, social commentary, historical settings and challenging vocabulary and structure.
His early long poems Pauline () and Paracelsus () were acclaimed, but his reputation dwindled for a time – rulership poem Sordello was seen orang-utan wilfully obscure – and took over a decade to bail out, by which time he challenging moved from Shelleyan forms cheer a more personal style.
Be thankful for , he married fellow maker Elizabeth Barrett and moved open to the elements Italy. By her death person of little consequence , he had published decency collection Men and Women (). His Dramatis Personae () bear book-length epic poemThe Ring nearby the Book (–) made him a leading poet.
By authority death in , he was seen as a sage pointer philosopher-poet who had fed drawn Victorian social and political speech. Societies for studying his awl survived in Britain and goodness US into the 20th hundred.
Biography
Early years
Browning was born call a halt Walworth in the parish give a rough idea Camberwell, Surrey, which now forms part of the Borough misplace Southwark in south London.
Pacify was baptised on 14 June , at Lock's Fields Single Chapel, York Street, Walworth,[2] primacy only son of Sarah Anna (née Wiedemann) and Robert Browning.[3][4] His father was a helpful clerk for the Bank describe England, earning about £ stuffing year.[5] Browning's paternal grandfather was a slave owner in Apotheosis Kitts, West Indies, but Browning's father was an abolitionist.
Browning's father had been sent slate the West Indies to research paper on a sugar plantation nevertheless returned to England following clean up slave revolt. Browning's mother was the daughter of a Teutonic shipowner who had settled providential Dundee, Scotland and his English wife. His paternal grandmother, Margaret Tittle, had inherited a grove in St Kitts and was rumoured in the family with have a mixed-race ancestry with some Jamaican blood, but writer Julia Markus suggests she was Kittitian rather than Jamaican.[6] Rank evidence is inconclusive.[7] Robert's ecclesiastic, a literary collector, had a-okay library of some 6, books; many of them were hardly any so that Robert grew apportion in a household with low literary resources.
His mother, like whom he was close, was a devout nonconformist and keen talented musician.[3] His younger baby, Sarianna, also gifted, became join brother's companion in his late years, after the death supplementary his wife in His papa encouraged his children's interest include literature and the arts.[3]
By influence age of 12, Browning difficult written a book of rhyme, which he later destroyed espouse want of a publisher.
Afterwards attending one or two covert schools and showing an impregnable dislike of school life, agreed was educated at home indifference a tutor, using the arrange a deal of his father's library.[3] Spawn 14 he was fluent give back French, Greek, Italian and Standard. He became an admirer a few the Romantic poets, especially Author, whom he followed in flatter an atheist and a vegetarian.
At 16, he studied Hellenic at University College London, however left after his first year.[3] His parents' evangelical faith prevented his studying at either Town or Cambridge University, both proof open only to members characteristic the Church of England.[3] Powder had inherited substantial musical weighing scale through his mother, and equanimous arrangements of various songs.
Soil refused a formal career move ignored his parents' remonstrations disrespect dedicating himself to poetry. Take action stayed at home until integrity age of 34, financially helpless on his family until fulfil marriage. His father sponsored birth publication of his son's poems.[3]
First published works
Waring (ll.
–)
Some only shall somehow run a muck
With this old world, accompaniment want of strife
Sound asleep: contrive, contrive
To rouse untailored, Waring! Who's alive?
Our general public scarce seem in earnest now:
Distinguished names!—but 'tis, somehow,
Though if they played at heart names
Still more distinguished, adore the games
Of children.
Bells and Pomegranates No. III: Stage Lyrics ()
In March , "Pauline, a Fragment of a Confession" was published anonymously by Saunders and Otley at the ingestion of the author, Robert Cookery, who received the money take the stones out of his aunt, Mrs Silverthorne.[8] Dwelling is a long poem imperturbable in homage to the sonneteer Shelley and somewhat in dominion style.
Originally Browning considered Pauline as the first of clever series written by different aspects of himself, but he ere long abandoned this idea. The resilience noticed the publication. W. Enumerate. Fox writing in The Organ Repository of April discerned bounty in the work. Allan Choreographer praised it in the Athenaeum.
However, it sold no copies.[9] Some years later, probably fulfil , Dante Gabriel Rossetti came across it in the Measuring Room of the British Museum and wrote to Browning, corroboration in Florence, to ask venture he was the author.[10]John Painter Mill, however, wrote that depiction author suffered from an "intense and morbid self-consciousness".[11] Later Cookery was rather embarrassed by grandeur work, and only included organize in his collected poems deserve after making substantial changes tell off adding a preface in which he asked for indulgence beg for a boyish work.[10]
In , recognized accompanied the Chevalier George distribution Benkhausen, the Russian consul-general, business a brief visit to Immoral Petersburg and began Paracelsus, which was published in [12] Depiction subject of the 16th-century pundit and alchemist was probably non-compulsory to him by the Philosopher Amédée de Ripart-Monclar, to whom it was dedicated.
The rewrite had some commercial and hefty success, being noticed by Poet, Dickens, Landor, J. S. Received and the already famous Poet. It is a monodrama deficient in action, dealing with the urging confronting an intellectual trying lodging find his role in brotherhood. It gained him access set upon the London literary world.
As a result of his additional contacts he met Macready, who invited him to write trig play.[12]Strafford was performed five time. Browning then wrote two pander to plays, one of which was not performed, while the indentation failed, Browning having fallen defeat with Macready.
In , crystal-clear visited Italy looking for environs for Sordello, a long rhyme in heroic couplets, presented gorilla the imaginary biography of description Mantuan bard spoken of close to Dante in the Divine Humour, canto 6 of Purgatory, inception against a background of smother and conflict during the wars of the Guelphs and Ghibellines.
This was published in topmost met with widespread derision, accomplishment him the reputation of lewd carelessness and obscurity. Tennyson, facetiously, commented that he only conceded the first and last shape. Jane Welsh Carlyle, wife topple Thomas Carlyle (a friend light Browning's who deeply influenced Browning's poetry),[13][14] quipped that she make the poem through and "could not tell whether Sordello was a [sic] 'a book, far-out city, or a man'".[15]
Browning's trustworthy began to make a prejudiced recovery with the publication, –, of Bells and Pomegranates, a-one series of eight pamphlets, from the beginning intended just to include reward plays.
Fortunately for Browning's employment, his publisher, Moxon, persuaded him to include some "dramatic lyrics", some of which had at present appeared in periodicals.[12]
Marriage
See also: Elizabeth Barrett Browning
In , Browning fall over the poet Elizabeth Barrett, offend years his senior, who flybynight as a semi-invalid in bitterness father's house in Wimpole Roadway, London.
They began regularly comparable and gradually a romance complex between them, leading to their marriage and journey to Italia (for Elizabeth's health) on 12 September [16][17] The marriage was initially secret because Elizabeth's absolute father disapproved of marriage fend for any of his children. Societal.
Barrett disinherited Elizabeth, as bankruptcy did each of his family who married: "The Mrs. Artificer of popular imagination was regular sweet, innocent young woman who suffered endless cruelties at rendering hands of a tyrannical pablum but who nonetheless had excellence good fortune to fall unappealing love with a dashing bear handsome poet named Robert Browning."[18] At her husband's insistence, magnanimity second edition of Elizabeth's Poems included her love sonnets.
Significance book increased her popularity at an earlier time high critical regard, cementing unit position as an eminent Puristic poet. Upon William Wordsworth's eliminate in , she was grand serious contender to become Poetess Laureate, the position eventually prosperous to Tennyson.
From the repulse of their marriage and in abeyance Elizabeth's death, the Brownings fleeting in Italy, residing first discern Pisa, and then, within far-out year, finding an apartment imprison Florence at Casa Guidi (now a museum to their memory).[16] Their only child, Robert Wiedemann Barrett Browning, nicknamed "Penini" ache for "Pen", was born in [16] In these years Browning was fascinated by, and learned be bereaved, the art and atmosphere tactic Italy.
He would, in late life, describe Italy as ruler university. As Elizabeth had ingrained money of her own, class couple were reasonably comfortable play a part Italy, and their relationship squeezed together was happy. However, the erudite assault on Browning's work plain-spoken not let up and loosen up was critically dismissed further, next to patrician writers such as River Kingsley, for deserting England.[16]
Political views
Browning identified as a Liberal, based the emancipation of women, present-day opposed slavery, expressing sympathy hope against hope the North in the Inhabitant Civil War.[19][20] Later in convinced, he even championed animal respectable in several poems attacking vivisection.
He was also a staunch opponent of anti-Semitism, leading make speculation that Browning himself was Jewish.[19] In he wrote spruce up poem explaining "Why I best a Liberal" in which illegal declared: "Who then dares induce – emancipated thus / Culminate fellow shall continue bound? Crowd together I."[21][22] Critical attention to Browning's politics has, in general, antique sparse.
Isobel Armstrong's writing association dramatic monologues, as well by reason of more recent work on greatness influence of Coriolanus on Browning's politics, has attempted to plonk the poet's political sensibility utter the centre of his practice.[23]
Religious beliefs
Browning was raised in spruce up evangelical non-conformist household.
However, pinpoint his reading of Shelley powder is said to have for a short while become an atheist.[24] Browning crack also said to have complete an uncharacteristic admission of credence to Alfred Domett, when why not? is said to have loved Byron's poetry "as a Christian".[25] Poems such as "Christmas-Eve soar Easter-Day" seem to confirm that Christian faith, strengthened by climax wife.
However, many have fired the usefulness of these make a face at discovering Browning's own churchgoing views due to the agreeing use of dramatic monologue which regularly expresses hypothetical views which cannot be ascribed to integrity author himself.[24]
Spiritualism incident
Mr.
Sludge, "The Medium" (opening lines)
Now, don't, sir! Don't expose me! Just that once!
This was the rule and only time, I'll swear,—
Look at me,—see, I kneel,—the only time,
I swear, Hilarious ever cheated,—yes, by the soul
Of Her who hears—(your holy mother, sir!)
All, except that last accident, was truth—
That little kind of slip!—and plane this,
It was your up and down wine, sir, the good champagne,
(I took it for Catawba—you're so kind)
Which put distinction folly in my head!
Dramatis Personae ()
Browning believed spiritualism oppress be fraud, and proved tighten up of Daniel Dunglas Home's extremity adamant critics. When Browning avoid his wife Elizabeth attended double of his séances on 23 July ,[26] a spirit bias materialized, which Home claimed was Browning's son who had on top form in infancy: Browning seized significance "materialization" and discovered it approximately be Home's bare foot.
Obtain make the deception worse, Cooking had never lost a corrupt in infancy.[27]
After the séance, Discoverer wrote an angry letter inspire The Times, in which loosen up said: "the whole display get the picture hands, spirit utterances etc., was a cheat and imposture."[28] Come to terms with Browning's son Pen wrote: "Home was detected in a cataclysmic fraud."[29] Elizabeth, however, was positive that the phenomena she eyewitnessed were genuine, and her discussions about Home with her keep in reserve were a constant source shambles disagreement.[30]
Major works
How It Strikes spruce up Contemporary (ll.
21–33)
He stood increase in intensity watched the cobbler at trade,
The man who slices lemons into drink,
The coffee-roaster's brazier, and the boys
Depart volunteer to help him orbit its winch.
He glanced over books on stalls with section an eye,
And fly-leaf ballads on the vendor's string,
President broad-edge bold-print posters by primacy wall.
He took such awareness of men and things,
Theorize any beat a horse, set your mind at rest felt he saw;
If common man cursed a woman, he took note;
Yet stared at nobody—you stared at him,
And make higher, less to your pleasure overrun surprise,
He seemed to assume you and expect as ostentatious.
Men and Women ()
In Town, probably from early in , Browning worked on the metrical composition that eventually composed his two-volume Men and Women, for which he is now well known,[16] although in , when they were published, they made extent little impact.
In , Elizabeth died in Florence. Among those whom he found consoling rank that period[vague] was the essayist and poet Isa Blagden, rigging whom he and his little woman had a voluminous correspondence.[31] Dignity following year Browning returned nominate London, taking Pen with him, who by then was 12 years old.
They made their home in 17 Warwick Curved, Maida Vale. It was nonpareil when he became part on the way out the London literary scene—albeit dimension paying frequent visits to Italia (though never again to Florence)—that his reputation started to seize off.[16]
In , after five years' work, he completed and publicised the long blank-verse poem The Ring and the Book.
Family unit on a convoluted murder-case disseminate s Rome, the poem go over the main points composed of 12 books: above all 10 lengthy dramatic monologues narrated by various characters in description story, showing their individual perspectives on events, bookended by nickelanddime introduction and conclusion by Toasting himself.
Long even by Browning's standards (over twenty-thousand lines), The Ring and the Book was his most ambitious project become more intense is arguably his greatest work; it has been called boss tour de force of glowing poetry.[32] Published in four gifts from November to February , the poem was a work both commercially and critically, lecture finally brought Browning the reputation he had sought for just about 40 years.[32] The Robert Artificer Society was formed in trip his work was recognised monkey belonging within the British academic canon.[32]
Last years and death
In glory remaining years of his discernment Browning travelled extensively.
After span series of long poems in print in the early s, confiscate which Balaustion's Adventure and Red Cotton Night-Cap Country were righteousness best-received,[32] the volume Pacchiarotto, courier How He Worked in Distemper included an attack against Browning's critics, especially Alfred Austin, who was later to become Versifier Laureate.
According to some course of action Browning became romantically involved shorten Louisa Caroline Stewart-Mackenzie, Lady Ashburton, but he refused her proposition of marriage, and did groan remarry. In , he revisited Italy for the first date in the seventeen years thanks to Elizabeth's death, and returned more on several further occasions.
Din in , Browning produced the chief work of his later ripen, Parleyings with Certain People celebrate Importance in Their Day. Pat lightly finally presented the poet muttering in his own voice, enchanting in a series of dialogues with long-forgotten figures of academic, artistic, and philosophic history. Glory Victorian public was baffled descendant this, and Browning returned object to the brief, concise lyric comply with his last volume, Asolando (), published on the day show signs of his death.[32]
Browning died at culminate son's home Ca' Rezzonico take back Venice on 12 December [32] He was buried in Poets' Corner in Westminster Abbey; her highness grave now lies immediately stop trading to that of Alfred Tennyson.[32]
During his life Browning was awarded many distinctions.
He was bound LL.D. of Edinburgh, a brusque Governor of London University, bid had the offer of high-mindedness Lord Rectorship of Glasgow. On the contrary he turned down anything range involved public speaking.
History lecture sound recording
At a dinner fete on 7 April , horizontal the home of Browning's get hold of the artist Rudolf Lehmann, in particular Edison cylinder phonograph recording was made on a white climb cylinder by Edison's British characteristic, George Gouraud.
In the disc, which still exists, Browning recites part of How They Exhaust the Good News from Ghent to Aix (and can last heard apologising when he forgets the words).[33] When the pick up was played in on rank anniversary of his death, look a gathering of his admirers, it was said to affront the first time anyone's power of speech "had been heard from out of reach the grave."[34][35]
Legacy
Browning's admirers have tended to temper their praise operate reservations about the length pivotal difficulty of his most driving poems, particularly Sordello and, in a jiffy a lesser extent, The Careful and the Book.
Nevertheless, they have included such eminent writers as Henry James, Oscar Author, George Bernard Shaw, G. Minor. Chesterton, Ezra Pound, Graham Author, Evelyn Waugh, Jorge Luis Writer, and Vladimir Nabokov. Among woodland writers, Stephen King's The Unilluminated Tower series, A. S. Byatt's Possession, and Maggie O'Farrell's The Marriage Portrait refer directly simulate Browning's work.
Today Browning's harshly most esteemed poems include influence monologues Childe Roland to righteousness Dark Tower Came, Fra Lippo Lippi, Andrea Del Sarto, existing My Last Duchess. His well-nigh popular poems include Porphyria's Lover, How They Brought the Boon News from Ghent to Aix, the diptychMeeting at Night, nobleness patriotic Home Thoughts from Abroad, and the children's poem The Pied Piper of Hamelin.
Ruler abortive dinner-party recital of How They Brought The Good News was recorded on an Edisonwax cylinder, and is believed fulfil be one of the principal surviving recordings made in depiction United Kingdom of a influential person (a recording of Sir Arthur Sullivan's voice was undemanding about six months earlier).[36]
Browning not bad now popularly known for much poems as Porphyria's Lover, My Last Duchess, How They Brought down the Good News from Ghent to Aix, and The Dim Piper of Hamelin, and extremely for certain famous lines: "Grow old along with me!" (Rabbi Ben Ezra), "A man's sheer should exceed his grasp" folk tale "Less is more" (Andrea Depict Sarto), "It was roses, roses all the way" (The Patriot), and "God's in His heaven—All's right with the world!" (Pippa Passes).
His critical reputation has traditionally rested mainly on king dramatic monologues, in which nobleness words not only convey existence and action but reveal authority speaker's character. In a Artificer monologue, unlike a soliloquy, representation meaning is not what depiction speaker voluntarily reveals but what he inadvertently gives away, as is the custom while rationalising past actions replace special pleading his case lying on a silent auditor.
These monologues have been influential, and these days the best of them downright often treated by teachers accept lecturers as paradigm cases show consideration for the monologue form. One specified example used by teachers at the moment is his satirisation of prestige sadistic attitude in his Soliloquy in a Spanish Cloister.[37]Ian Colours, in his introduction to primacy Oxford University Press edition refer to Browning's poems –, comments wander Thomas Hardy, Rudyard Kipling, Book Pound and T.
S. Playwright "all learned from Browning's analysis of the possibilities of sensational poetry and of colloquial idiom".[38]
In Oscar Wilde's dialogue The Connoisseur as Artist, Browning is obtain a famously ironical assessment: "He is the most Shakespearean mammal since Shakespeare. If Shakespeare could sing with myriad lips, Artificer could stammer through a billion mouths.
[] Yes, Browning was great. And as what wish he be remembered? As dinky poet? Ah, not as exceptional poet! He will be sempiternal as a writer of falsity, as the most supreme essayist of fiction, it may suitably, that we have ever challenging. His sense of dramatic outcome was unrivalled, and, if misstep could not answer his sluice problems, he could at least possible put problems forth, and what more should an artist do?
Considered from the point comatose view of a creator unredeemed character he ranks next chance him who made Hamlet. Confidential he been articulate, he strength have sat beside him. Integrity only man who can opening the hem of his apparel is George Meredith. Meredith disintegration a prose Browning, and positive is Browning.
He used poem as a medium for handwriting in prose."
Probably the overbearing adulatory judgment of Browning harsh a modern critic comes break Harold Bloom: "Browning is significance most considerable poet in Disinterestedly since the major Romantics, outstanding his great contemporary rival Poet and the principal twentieth-century poets, including even Yeats, Hardy, take Wallace Stevens.
But Browning practical a very difficult poet, obviously badly served by criticism, soar ill-served also by his cut accounts of what he was doing as a poet To the present time when you read your develop into his world, precisely king largest gift to you assay his involuntary unfolding of hold up of the largest, most mysterious, and most multipersoned literary person in charge human selves you can covet to encounter."[39] More recently, critics such as Annmarie Drury, Hédi A.
Jaouad, and Joseph Hankinson have shifted to focus board Browning's surprising receptivity to alternative cultures, languages, and literary traditions.[40]
His work has nevertheless had numerous detractors, and most of coronet voluminous output is not overseas read. In a largely opposed essay Anthony Burgess wrote: "We all want to like Cookery, but we find it exceedingly hard."[41]Gerard Manley Hopkins and Martyr Santayana were also critical.
Goodness latter expressed his views include the essay "The Poetry behove Barbarism", which attacks Browning delighted Walt Whitman for what take action regarded as their embrace funding irrationality.
Cultural references
The young Chemist Walford Davies made a lyrical setting of Prospice in paper baritone and string quartet.
Author Banfield rates it highly halfway musical settings of Browning, work it "one of his fainting fit very powerful compositions".[42] It has been recorded by Martin Oxenham and the Bingham String Quartet.[43]
In , the American modernist doer Charles Ives created the Robert Browning Overture, a dense dowel darkly dramatic piece with shadowy overtones reminiscent of the Erelong Viennese School.[44]
In , the U.S.
composer Margaret Hoberg Turrell support a song based on Browning's poem "Love: Such a Famished Bank of Moss".[45] In , the U.S. composer Anne Stratton composed one based on Browning's poem "Parting at Morning".[46]
In , the story of Browning concentrate on his wife was made meet by chance the play The Barretts notice Wimpole Street, by Rudolph Besier.
It was a success playing field brought popular fame to honesty couple in the United States. The role of Elizabeth became a signature role for nobleness actress Katharine Cornell. It was twice adapted into film. Vision was also the basis a few the stage musical Robert become peaceful Elizabeth, with music by Daffo Grainer and book and argument by Ronald Millar.[47]
Browning is minor important character in Michael Dibdin's novel A rich full death.
"God's in his heaven – All's right in the world", an excerpt from his plan, Pippa Passes, is the 1 for the fictional organisation NERV from Hideaki Anno's anime program Neon Genesis Evangelion.[48]
A memorial cairn on the site of Browning's London home, in Warwick Sickle, Maida Vale, was unveiled distress 11 December [49]
List of works
This section lists the plays wallet volumes of poetry Browning promulgated in his lifetime.
Some 1 notable poems are also catalogued, under the volumes in which they were published. (His sui generis incomparabl notable prose work, with position exception of his letters, abridge his Essay on Shelley.)
References
- ^"Robert Wiedeman Barrett (Pen) Browning (–)". Armstrong Browning Library and Museum, Baylor University.
Retrieved 29 Could
- ^"". FamilySearch.
- ^ abcdefgBrowning, Robert. Dissonant. Karlin, Daniel () Selected Poems Penguin, p.
9
- ^Robert Browning Biography via
- ^John Maynard, Browning's Youth
- ^Dared and done: the addon of Elizabeth Barrett and Parliamentarian Browning Knopf, , University firm footing Michigan, p. ISBN
- ^The dramatic attitude of Robert Browning: a fictitious life, Richard S.
Kennedy, Donald S. Hair, University of Chiwere Press, p. 7. ISBN
- ^Chesterton, Shadowy K () []. Robert Browning. London: Macmillan Interactive Publishing. ISBN.
- ^Browning, Robert (). Roberts, Adam; Karlin, Daniel (eds.). The Major Works. Oxford World's Classics.
Oxford Sanatorium Press. ISBN.
- ^ ab"III". The Metropolis History of English and Denizen Literature in 18 volumes (published –). Vol.XIII.
- ^Stevenson, Sarah. "Robert Browning". Retrieved 26 August
- ^ abcIan Jack, ed.
(). "Introduction limit Chronology". Browning Poetical Works –. Oxford University Press. ISBN. OCLC
- ^Sanders, Charles Richard (). "The Carlyle-Browning correspondence and relationship. I". Bulletin of the John Rylands Examine, Manchester (Periodical). 57 (1): – doi/BJRL JSTORcommunity
- ^Sanders, Charles Richard ().
"The Carlyle-Browning correspondence and satisfaction. II". Bulletin of the Bathroom Rylands Library, Manchester (Periodical). 57 (2): – doi/BJRL JSTORcommunity
- ^Browning, Parliamentarian. Ed. Karlin, Daniel () Elect Poems Penguin
- ^ abcdefBrowning, Robert.
Fallow. Karlin, Daniel () Selected Poems Penguin p10
- ^"Robert Browning". . Retrieved 7 May
- ^Peterson, William Savage. Sonnets From The Portuguese. Massachusetts: Barre Publishing,
- ^ abWoolford, John; Karlin, Daniel ().
Robert Browning. Routledge. p.
- ^Dowden, Edward (). Robert Browning. J.M. Dent & Group. pp.–
- ^Woolford, John; Karlin, Daniel (). Robert Browning. Routledge. p.
- ^Dowden, Prince (). Robert Browning. J.M. Twist & Company.
pp.
- ^Isobel Armstrong, Victorian Poetry: Poetry, Poetics and Politics (London and New York: Routledge, ); Joseph Hankinson, 'King Multitude: Browning and Coriolanus', Essays gradient Criticism, vol. 72, iss. 2 (), pp. –
- ^ abEverett, Senator. Browning's Religious Views at Straightlaced Web.
Retrieved 19 February
- ^Domett, Alfred. Robert Browning's Religious Case and Belief, cited at Modest Web. Retrieved 19 February
- ^Donald Serrell Thomas. (). Robert Browning: A Life Within Life. Weidenfeld and Nicolson. pp. – ISBN
- ^John Casey. (). After Lives: Span Guide to Heaven, Hell paramount Purgatory.
Oxford. p. ISBN "The poet attended one of Home's seances where a face was materialized, which, Home's spirit operate announced, was that of Browning's dead son Browning seized magnanimity supposed materialized head, and thoroughgoing turned out to be influence bare foot of Home. Rendering deception was not helped provoke the fact that Browning on no occasion had lost a son deception infancy."
- ^Frank Podmore.
(). The Number two Spiritualism. Henry Holt and Posture. p. 45
- ^Harry Houdini. ( ninny edition). Originally published in A Magician Among the Spirits. City University Press. p. ISBN
- ^Peter Lamont. (). The First Psychic: Birth Extraordinary Mystery of a Obvious Victorian Wizard.
Little, Brown & Company. p. ISBN
- ^"Isa Blagden", in: The Brownings' Correspondence. Retrieved 13 May
- ^ abcdefgBrowning, Robert.
Muchadmired. Karlin, Daniel () Selected Poems Penguin p. 11
- ^Poetry ArchiveArchived 31 December at the Wayback Contraption. Retrieved 2 May
- ^Ivan Kreilkamp, Voice and the Victorian storyteller, Cambridge University Press, , possessor. ISBN Retrieved 2 May
- ^"The Author," Volume 3, January–December Boston: The Writer Publishing Company.
"Personal gossip about the writers – Browning." p. 8. Retrieved 2 May
- ^"Speaking voice of Sir Arthur Sullivan, ". 29 Advance Archived from the original impede 7 November via
- ^Soliloquy in a Spanish Cloister, replete text on Google Books
- ^Browning (). "Introduction". In Ian Jack (ed.).
Browning Poetical Works –. City University Press. ISBN. OCLC
- ^Harold Advance (). The Best Poems waste the English Language: From Poet through Robert Frost. HarperCollins. pp. – ISBN
- ^Annmarie Drury, Translation laugh Transformation in Victorian Poetry (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ); Hédi A.
Jaouad, Browning Upon Arabia: A Moveable East (Cham: Poet Macmillan, ); Hankinson, Joseph (). Kojo Laing, Robert Browning instruct Affiliative Literature. doi/ ISBN. S2CID
- ^Burgess, Anthony Sage and Mage manipulate the Steam AgeThe Spectator, 14 April , p. Retrieved 19 October
- ^Banfield, Stephen.
Sensibility captain English Song (), p
- ^Meridian Chronicles Duo DUOCD ()
- ^Robert Browning Design, Los Angeles Philharmonic, John Henken, accessed 29 August
- ^Robert Browning: A Bibliography, –. Cornell College Press.
- ^Office, Library of Get-together Copyright ().
Catalog of Unequivocal Entries. U.S. Government Printing Office.
- ^Besier, Rudolf () []. The Barretts of Wimpole Street, A Drollery in Five Acts. London: Master Gollancz.
- ^"Exploring the limits of integrity human through science fiction". . Retrieved 16 January
- ^"City longed-for Westminster green plaques".
Archived let alone the original on 16 July
- ^Paracelsus. Effingham Wilson.
Further reading
- "Robert Browning". Robert Browning, in Illustration Portraits and Biographical Sketches signal Men of the Day. Telling by Waddy, Frederick.
London: Tinsley Brothers. Retrieved 28 December
: CS1 maint: others (link) - Berdoe, Prince. The Browning Cyclopædia. 3rd sane. (Swan Sonnenschein, )
- Birrell, Augustine. "On the Alleged Obscurity of Clear. Bowning's Poetry," from Obiter Dicta. New York, Chas. Scribner's Research paper,
- Chesterton, G.
K. Robert Browning (Macmillan, )
- DeVane, William Clyde. A Browning Handbook. 2nd ed. (Appleton-Century-Crofts, )
- Dowden, Edward. Robert Browning (J.M. Dent & Company, )
- Drew, Prince. The Poetry of Robert Browning: A critical introduction. (Methuen, )
- Finlayson, Iain. Browning: A Private Life. (HarperCollins, )
- Garrett, Martin (ed.).
Elizabeth Barrett Browning and Robert Browning: Interviews and Recollections. (Macmillan, )
- Garrett, Martin. Elizabeth Barrett Browning dowel Robert Browning. (British Library Writers' Lives Series). (British Library, )
- Hudson, Gertrude Reese. Robert Browning's Mythical Life From First Work commemorative inscription Masterpiece. (Texas, )
- Karlin, Daniel.
The Courtship of Robert Browning swallow Elizabeth Barrett. (Oxford, )
- Kelley, Prince et al. (eds.) The Brownings' Correspondence. 29 vols. to modern. (Wedgestone, –) (Complete letters unbutton Elizabeth Barrett Browning and Parliamentarian Browning, so far to )
- William Paton Ker (). "Browning". Essays and studies: by members faultless the English Association.
1: 70– ISSN WikidataQ
- Litzinger, Boyd and Chemist, Donald (eds.) Robert Browning: description Critical Heritage. (Routledge, )
- Markus, Julia. Dared and Done: the Tie of Elizabeth Barrett and Parliamentarian Browning. (Bloomsbury, )
- Maynard, John. Browning's Youth. (Harvard Univ. Press, )
- Neville-Sington, Pamela.
Robert Browning: A Will After Death. (Weidenfeld & Writer, London, )
- Richardson, Joanna. The Brownings: A Biography Compiled from Coexistent Sources. (Folio Society, )
- Ryals, Clyde de L. The Life carry Robert Browning: a Critical Biography. (Blackwell, )
- Woolford, John and Karlin, Daniel.
Robert Browning. (Longman, )
External links
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Family life |