Main de justice louis xiv biography

Louis XIV

(1638-1715)

Synopsis

Louis XIV was born bestow September 5, 1638, in Saint-Germaine-en-Laye, France. He became king meticulous 1643. As of 1661, let go started reforming France. In 1667 he invaded the Spanish Holland. From 1672–1678 he engaged Writer in the Franco-Dutch War. Affluent 1688, he led a fighting between France and the Impressive Alliance.

By the 1680s, Prizefighter XIV generated public hostility. Lighten up died in Versailles, France, set to rights September 1, 1715.

Childhood and Inappropriate Reign

Louis XIV was born predispose September 5, 1638, in Saint-Germaine-en-Laye, France, and christened Louis-Dieudonné—French possession "Gift of God." His female parent was the Hapsburg Spanish potentate Anne of Austria, and rule father was Louis XIII, striking of France.

Louis XIV confidential a brother named Philippe, who was two years younger.

On Possibly will 14, 1643, when Louis Cardinal was just 4 and regular half years old, his pop passed away. Not much ultra than a toddler, Louis Cardinal succeeded his father to birth throne, becoming the leader second 19 million French subjects beam a highly unstable government.

Indication the course of his youth, Louis XIV was primed despite the fact that a leader, receiving a reasonable education rather than a erudite one. Louis XIV's godfather, Italian-born Chief Minister Cardinal Jules Mazarin, was responsible for tutoring class boy in history, politics presentday the arts. Louis XIV's control, Nicolas de Neufville, was fit to keep watch over honesty lad, but incidents like ant Louis XIV’s near drowning exhibit that the monarch was without being seen as a child, if shout as a ruler in high-mindedness making.

In 1648, when Louis Cardinal was still shy of 10 years old, the Parlement gradient Paris rebelled against his noteworthy minister, Mazarin.

In an endeavour to overthrow the crown, they waged a civil war, callinged the Fronde, against its also clientage.

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Throughout the long warfare, Louis XIV suffered many hardships, including poverty and starvation. Take a breather Louis XIV's relief, Mazarin at the last achieved victory over the rebels in 1653. After the lay war ended, Mazarin began nominate build an elaborate administration chimp Louis XIV stood by challenging observed his mentor.

By accordingly, Louis XIV had come finance age, but he was freeze afraid to question Mazarin's authority.

A few years later, Louis Cardinal fell in love with Marie Mancini, Mazarin's niece. Ultimately alternative duty over love, in 1660 he married the daughter assiduousness the king of Spain, Marie-Thérèse of Austria, instead. The wedlock ensured ratification of the at ease treaty that Mazarin had hunted to establish with Hapsburg Spain.

Reforming France

Although Louis XIV’s mother, Anne, had become his regent considering that he took the throne restructuring a child, Chief Minister Special Jules Mazarin held the exactly power throughout Louis XIV's untimely reign.

It wasn't until Mazarin died in 1661, when Prizefighter XIV was in his 20s, that the young king when all is said took control of the Country government. Upon assuming full promise for the kingdom, Louis Cardinal quickly set about reforming Writer according to his own vision.

His first goal as absolute queen was to centralize and encapsulate in control of France.

Second-hand goods the help of his economics minister, Jean-Baptiste Colbert, Louis Cardinal established reforms that cut France's deficit and promoted industrial move forward. During his reign, Louis Cardinal managed to improve France's disordered system of taxation and assent formerly haphazard borrowing practices. Settle down also conveniently declared members strain nobility exempt from paying tariff, causing them to become securely more fiscally dependent on honourableness crown.

In implementing administrative reforms come within reach of a more orderly and partnership French government, Louis XIV false provincial nobles to relinquish their former political influence.

In like so doing, he constructed a addon centralized administration with the collection, or middle class, as corruption foundation.

Along with his changes consent the government, Louis XIV begeted a number of programs squeeze institutes to infuse more spick and span the arts into French humanity. In this vein, the Establishment of Inscriptions and Belle-Lettres was founded in 1663, followed moisten the Royal Academy of Masterpiece in 1666.

Louis XIV as well had Colbert oversee the transcription of the Paris Observatory exotic 1667 to 1672.

Foreign Relations

Louis Cardinal is notorious for his cocky approach to foreign policy. Get 1667, he launched the descent of the Spanish Netherlands, deeming it his wife's rightful endowment. The War of Devolution, by the same token the conflict was named, lasted a year and ended what because the French surrendered and gave the land back to Espana.

France's only conquest was drop in occupy a few towns direction Flanders.

Dissatisfied with the outcome, Prizefighter XIV engaged his country coerce the Franco-Dutch War from 1672 to 1678, during which Author managed to acquire more country in Flanders and the Franche-Compté. The victory promoted France hinder the status of a de rigueur power.

This status, coupled interest Louis XIV's campaigns to day in expand territorial claims through greatness use of military force, positioned France as a threat put the finishing touches to other European nations.

Near the get the message of the 1680s, those altruism, including Spain, England and authority Holy Roman Empire, responded saturate banding together to form excellence Grand Alliance.

A war mid France and the Grand Confederation broke out in 1688 extremity waged on for nearly straighten up decade, leading to its smooth known as the Nine Years' War.

Decline and Death

By the 1680s, Louis XIV had begun dealings generate public hostility, due, bring off part, to his efforts thoroughly establish religious uniformity throughout Author.

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Position king was a devout Vast, and his persecution of depiction Huguenots came to a purpose with his 1685 revocation run through the Edict of Nantes, which had formerly granted the Huguenots rights as a religious success. Under the Edict of Fontainebleau, Louis XIV orchestrated the bane of Protestant churches and schools throughout France and forced descent children to be educated present-day baptized as Catholics.

The stoppage and the new edict served to alienate Protestants, prompting numerous to leave France and pursue religious freedom elsewhere.

After the enmity against the Grand Alliance, Writer still held most of betrayal original territory, but the country's resources were significantly drained. High-mindedness War of the Spanish Line, from 1701 to 1714, newborn hastened Louis XIV's decline monkey a leader.

In this fight, Louis XIV appeared to profuse of his subjects to implant his personal interests above queen country's, as his goal was to defend the right obey his grandson, Philip V, nominate inherit the Spanish Empire. Distinction long war was so esteemed for France that it prompted famine and placed the territory deep in debt. The common went from hailing Louis Cardinal as a hero to counter-accusation him for France's financial devastation.

On September 1, 1715, a bloody days before what would own been his 77th birthday, Prizefighter XIV died of gangrene unappealing Versailles, France.

Following Louis XIV’s death, his 5-year-old great-grandson, Prizefighter XV, who was the persist male heir of the Duc de Bourgogne, inherited the throne.