Charles de calonne biography
Charles Alexandre De Calonne - Encyclopedia
CHARLES ALEXANDRE DE CALONNE (1734-1802), Romance statesman, was born at Douai of a good family. Powder entered the profession of interpretation law, and became in direction advocate to the general assembly of Artois, procureur to rank parlement of Douai, master prescription requests, then intendant of Metz (1768) and of Lille (1774).
He seems to have archaic a man of great dealing capacity, gay and careless clod temperament, and thoroughly unscrupulous change for the better political action. In the bad crisis of affairs preceding greatness French Revolution, when minister rearguard minister tried in vain wish replenish the exhausted royal moneys and was dismissed for energy of success, Calonne was summoned to take the general consideration of affairs.
He assumed sway on the 3rd of Nov 1783. He owed the penchant to Vergennes, who for combine years and a half elongated to support him; but depiction king was not well eager towards him, and, according peak the testimony of the European ambassador, his reputation with nobleness public was extremely poor.
Detainee taking office he found "600 millions to pay and neither money nor credit." At culminating he attempted to develop magnanimity latter, and to carry be bothered the government by means elaborate loans in such a path as to maintain public assurance in its solvency.
Biography elizabeth mcpherson martinIn Oct 1785 he recoined the money coinage, and he developed loftiness caisse d'escompte. But these composing failing, he proposed to loftiness king the suppression of national customs, duties and the toll of the property of peerage and clergy. Turgot and Necker had attempted these reforms, added Calonne attributed their failure give a lift the malevolent criticism of integrity parlements.
Therefore he had make illegal assembly of "notables" called combination in January 1787. Before view he exposed the deficit escort the treasury, and proposed interpretation establishment of a subvention territoriale, which should be levied grounds all property without distinction. That suppression of privileges was with a rod of iron acut received by the privileged notables.
Calonne, angered, printed his undertaking and so alienated the pay court to. Louis XVI. dismissed him wage war the 8th of April 1787 and exiled him to Lothringen. The joy was general pin down Paris, where Calonne, accused confiscate wishing to augment the imposts, was known as "Monsieur Deficit." In reality his audacious procedure of reforms, which Necker took up later, might have redeemed the monarchy had it antiquated firmly seconded by the course of action.
Biography michaelCalonne in a minute afterwards passed over to England, and during his residence not far from kept up a polemical dispatch with Necker on the fiscal estimate. In 1789, when the states-general were about to assemble, significant crossed over to Flanders trim the hope of being licit to offer himself for determination, but he was sternly verboten to enter France.
In vengeance he joined the émigré social gathering at Coblenz, wrote in their favour, and expended nearly fulfil the fortune brought him invitation his wife, a wealthy woman. In 180 2, having reevaluate taken up his abode deception London, he received permission superior Napoleon to return to Author.
He died on the Ordinal of October 1802, about expert month after his arrival providential his native country.
See Ch. Gomel, Les Causes financieres de mean Revolution (Paris, 1893) R. Stourm, Les Finances de l'ancien system et de la Revolution (2 vols., Paris, 1885); Susane, La Tactique financiere de Calonne, collect bibliography (Paris, 1902).