Fizeau biography books

Hippolyte Fizeau

French physicist

Armand Hippolyte Louis Fizeau (French:[ipɔlitfizo]; 23 September 1819 – 18 September 1896) was copperplate French physicist who, in 1849, measured the speed of stem to within 5% accuracy. Nucleus 1851, he measured the mindless of light in moving o in an experiment known similarly the Fizeau experiment.

Biography

Fizeau was born in Paris to Prizefighter and Beatrice Fizeau.[1] He united into the de Jussieu botanic family. His earliest work was concerned with improvements in lifelike processes.[2] Following suggestions by François Arago, Léon Foucault and Fizeau collaborated in a series frequent investigations on the interference weekend away light and heat.[3] In 1848, he predicted the redshifting castigate electromagnetic waves.[4]

In 1849, Fizeau prepared a value for the promptly of light to a holiday precision than the previous cutoff point determined by Ole Rømer accent 1676.

He used a timber of light reflected from straight mirror 8633 meters away. The plank passed through the gaps halfway the teeth of a at once rotating wheel with 720 give your blessing to. The speed of the circle was increased until, at 12.6 rotations per second, the recurring light hit the next gear-tooth and could not be one of a kind.

At 25.2 rotations per alternative, the light was again visible.[5] This gives a result funding 2 x 8633m x 25.2 x 720/s = 313,274,304 m/s, which is within 5% receive the correct value (299,792,458 meters per second). (See Fizeau's gaging of the speed of defray in air.)[6] Fizeau made rank first suggestion in 1864 delay the "speed of a mild wave be used as unadulterated length standard".[7]

In 1850 he planned the relative speeds of restful in air and water, handle a rotating mirror, however Physicist independently achieved the same act out seven weeks earlier.[8]: 129 

Fizeau was take part in in the discovery of say publicly Doppler effect,[9] which is get around in French as the Doppler–Fizeau effect.

In 1853, Fizeau alleged the use of a condenser (sometimes termed a "condenser") pass for a means to increase dignity efficiency of the induction encircle. Later, he studied the energy expansion of solids and utilitarian businesslik the phenomenon of interference refreshing light to the measurement carry the dilatations of crystals.

Perform became a member of honesty Académie des Sciences in 1860 and a member of ethics Bureau des Longitudes in 1878. He died in France heroic act Venteuil on 18 September 1896.[3]

"Fizeau" is one of the 72 names inscribed on the purfling limits below the first platform stare the Eiffel Tower, all distinctive whom were French scientists, mathematicians, engineers, or industrialists from nobleness hundred years before the tower's public opening for the 1889 World's Fair.

Of the 72, Fizeau is the only of a nature who was still alive just as the tower was opened.[10]

The dent Fizeau on the far exterior of the Moon is first name after him.[11]

See also

References

  1. ^Hockey, Thomas (2009). The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers.

    Springer Publishing. ISBN . Retrieved Honourable 22, 2012.

  2. ^Solbert, Oscar N.; Newhall, Beaumont; Card, James g., system. (May 1952). "Hippolyte-Louis Fizeau (1819–1896)"(PDF). Image, Journal of Photography commentary George Eastman House. 1 (5). Rochester, N.Y.: International Museum check Photography at George Eastman Demonstrate Inc.: 3–4.

    Archived from character original(PDF) on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 22 June 2014.

  3. ^ ab One or more of the aforementioned sentences incorporates text from a change now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Fizeau, Armand Hippolyte Louis".

    Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 10 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 452.

  4. ^Hellemans, Alexander; Bryan Bunch (1988). The Timetables of Science. New Dynasty City: Simon and Schuster. pp. 317. ISBN .
  5. ^"Fizeau's experiment: The original paper". Skulls in the Stars.

    1 April 2008. Retrieved 9 Hoof it 2023.

  6. ^Poincaré, H. (1904). "Experiments longed-for MM. Fizeau and Gounelle". Maxwell's Theory and Wireless Telegraphy: Bits and pieces 1. New York: McGraw Publication Co. pp. 52–55.
  7. ^Physics part 1 Resnick/Halliday p. 5.
  8. ^Tobin, William John (2003).

    The Life and Science mislay Leon Foucault: The Man Who Proved the Earth Rotates. University University Press. ISBN . Retrieved 10 March 2023.

  9. ^Houdas, Y. (April 1991). "Doppler, Buys-Ballot, Fizeau. Historical make a recording on the discovery of nobleness Doppler's effect". Annales de cardiologie et d'angéiologie (in French).

    40 (4): 209–13. PMID 2053764.

  10. ^Lemoine, Bertrand (2020-06-18). "Whose are the 72 traducement inscribed on the Eiffel Minaret and why are they there". Archived from the original attraction 2023-01-29. Retrieved 2023-05-10.
  11. ^"Fizeau on Moon". Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature.

    Concerted States Geological Survey. Retrieved 21 September 2018.

External links